Probably not news to most, but perhaps worth a short mention is how I verified the diameter of our boat's prop shaft, waaay back in time.
It was a new boat to us, and the info needed to be checked/verified.
I had no micrometer anywhere near that size. A larger micrometer would cost money..... Hmmm.....
I could reach the shaft, thru a removable panel under the aft cabin berth and observe it. So, I borrowed my parallel rule from the nav desk and held it down with one hand holding the rule sides against the shaft. With other hand was able to measure across the rule opening about 18" up where I could awkwardly get an eyeball on it. I used a 12" ruler. Worked fine and this crude technique has been used in some other situations, too.