Everything you always wanted to know about Universal 5432’s (but were afraid to ask).

Kerry Kukucha

Member II
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Ah yes, the joyful innocence of our 1<SUP>st</SUP> sailboat & the excitement of Nakesa’s maiden voyage (last August) seems a distant memory; the harsh reality of the 20 year old mysterious, mechanized monster that lurks under the companionway has consumed us ever since! <o:p></o:p>
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Imagine our horror when, returning from Desolation Sound last year, the oil level on the dipstick was miraculously increasing daily! Had we struck oil? No such luck…& what was that strange, runny discharge spewing from a hose of unknown purpose atop the mechanized monster (enough to fill a beer can daily)? Let us also not forget the disconcerting high temperature encountered whenever we ran the beast over 2,000 rpm’s. Thank goodness for the Internet & the ever-helpful members of EY.O who provided comfort & knowledge during those early days of innocence lost! <o:p></o:p>
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Blowby, dieseling, oil analysis labs (15% diesel in oil)…………so many strange notions, so little knowledge. All of a sudden, I was humbled in the presence of our marine mechanic (or was he a Shaman), who I entrusted to exorcise evil sprits from the beast.<o:p></o:p>
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Round 1 - pull the injector heads: yup, they needed re-building; while this resulted in a reduced diesel content in oil (down to 4%), a sea-trial with the Shaman determined that we were not getting anywhere close to the maximum 2,800 rpm’s the beast ought to produce (would top out at 2,100). Oh, & the propeller felt a bit “odd” too. Knowledge gained – a prop’s diameter & pitch have a bearing on how an engine performs & as it turns out, the PO had put on a prop that was the wrong diameter, wrong pitch & designed for a powerboat!!! Might this also explain the overheating problem?<o:p></o:p>
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Round 2 – try a new prop (Campbell Sailor 15/9): Oh the anticipation………& the frustration! Sea trial #2, with the new prop & what happens? Nothing much beyond 1,600 rpm’s! How could this be? Hmmmmm says the Shaman – still could be a fuel supply issue.<o:p></o:p>
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Round 3 - pull apart the oil cooled, high pressure injector pump & replace worn out bits & pieces; new fuel lines & replace the low pressure electric supply pump (that was leaking air). <o:p></o:p>
Side bar: while the high pressure pump was apart, “someone” leaves the battery switch on & over Christmas, the ignition switch shorts out (the joys of rainy Vancouver) – 25 gallons of diesel in the bilge later & a new switch:<o:p></o:p>
Sea trial #3 – oh joy, oh bliss – 3,000 rpm’s & NO diesel in oil (or bilge)! But wait, the beast is still possessed – after 4 hours of running continuously, it overheats beyond 2,000 rpm’s AND max rpm’s drop to 2,600 – what the &%$!@?? Time to look at the cooling system - what is the dreadful “5432 running syndrome”, anyway? Oh, & the oil test revealed 40ppm Na/sodium in oil? This is starting to look like a Friday the 13<SUP>th</SUP> horror flick!<o:p></o:p>
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Round 4 – having taken a marine maintenance course through the local Power Squadron (really good if you want to hear an old high school mechanics teacher wax on about 1950’s cars), I am not afraid & will embrace the beast! Remove the heat exchanger, get it boiled out & pressure tested (needed some work), replace all hoses, make sure the hotwater tank in run through the thermostat housing, check the exhaust riser (previously replaced by PO - clean & clear), new impellor, raw water pump removed & inspected (all clear), new fresh water flushing bypass installed…it is time to run her again!<o:p></o:p>
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The birds are chirping, the grass needs to be cut, daffodils are up & the cherry blossoms are in bloom! Around the marina, there is a buzz of excitement – hulls are being cleaned & painted, boats waxed, oh the anticipation of a new sailing season! It is springtime in Vancouver AND hope spring eternal?! So, stand by for the results of Sea trial #4, coming soon to a computer near you & the continuing adventures of the Nakesa (cue soundtrack to Rocky)! <o:p></o:p>
 

Frank Langer

1984 Ericson 30+, Nanaimo, BC
Well-written (and all to common) account of the joys of learning about your new boat. I'll look forward to the results of the next sea trial.

Keep in mind that it takes about a year to get all the "bugs" worked out of a newly purchased boat, and get it in shape and operating the way you want, engine included. But after that, especially with all you've learned, it does get easier, and is well worth it!

Good luck, and don't give up!

Frank.
 

u079721

Contributing Partner
Kerry,

I think we need to come up with some type of award for your perserverence with your 5432 - clearly above and beyond the call of reasonableness!

We had trouble with the beast on our 1989 E38-200, but nothing like yours. In our case the blow-by was enough that the yard suggested a valve job, which near as I can tell didn't do a damn thing. (Sort of surprised your mechanic didn't suggest that along with all the other "fixes".) We still had blow-by collecting in the engine pan after that, but in our case it was never that bad, as the engine oil level was always constant. Which, come to think about it, must have meant some level of diesel in the oil, as you would otherwise expect to have to add oil from time to time, which we never did.

That new prop of yours sure sounds as if it's light on the pitch and diameter compared with the stock 16 x 13 two blade. Remember when you get her up and running for the new sea trial that getting up to full suggested rpms at full throttle is good, but that doesn't mean that you couldn't have too LITTLE pitch. The test for that would be not being able to achieve a reasonable speed at full throttle at full rpm.

Best of luck on the sea trial - by now you have earned it!
 

rwthomas1

Sustaining Partner
Keep at it Kerry! Sounds like you are almost there. Diesels are great provided they are maintained and operated correctly. It seems many, many sailboat owners don't even like to admit the engine exists and are negligent in maintaining it. You are dealing with YEARS of deferred maintenance. Your reward for this ordeal will be a happy reliable powerplant. RT
 

ted_reshetiloff

Contributing Partner
Never hurts to get your Tach calibrated too. While it may tell you that you are getting max RPM per manufacturer you may actually be turning somthing entirely differnent. Mine was 350 off.
 

Kerry Kukucha

Member II
Victory!

We have overcome; the Beast has been tamed!!

Sea Trial #4 over the Easter weekend was a great success - the cleaned out heat exchanger & new hoses have resulted in a >20 degree (F) drop in temp & NO overheating! Ran the engine for 8 hrs over 2 days & she didn't get above 160F, even at full throttle (2,750 rpm's). Got an oil test result back this morning & all is clear!!

So now, the only question that remains is why does the engine initially (ie. once warmed up) provide 3,000 rpm's, but drop off to 2,750 after a few hours (which is darn close to Universal's stated top end of 2,800 rpm's)? Our mechanic came out & heat gunned temp & checked rpm's (instruments are accurate) & he thinks the new prop is the right size/pitch - we are able to get about 7.4 knots under power (ie hull speed without current impact), which seems pretty good.

Are our mechanical trials & tribulations behind us?
 

Gary Peterson

Marine Guy
Kerry,
What RPM will you get when you go to high idle (throttle lever all the way open) in Neutral? I am guessing around or over 3000. If the engine is rated at 2800 that means between there and high idle is the governor droop. 2800 would mean the point that full BHP is acheived under 100% load and the BHP will fall some from that point to high idle RPM. If you are getting 2750 then you are almost perfect on the cubic load curve.
When the RPM drops from 3000 have you opened the hatch to the engine? You might be getting high intake air temperature and also have you recorded fuel inlet temperature?
Water depth has a bearing on performance also.
More food for thought.
 

Gary Peterson

Marine Guy
Your prop is like an engine dynometer. It will absorb HP and has to be sized for the expected engine rated HP and vessel design. If your engine produces 32 BHP ( subtract ~ 3% for driveline losses) then if the prop is designed to absorb 32 BHP @ 1400 RPM (2:1 gear reduction) your engine will level out at 2800 @ 100% power. One has to be careful with trying to overcome max hull speed with a displacement hull. If the vessel travels at a speed below max hull speed @ 2800 and the engine won't go over 2800 then one has to assume that 32 BHP is being produced. If the engine will go into the droop range (>2800 RPM) then the vessel is under propped. The cubic curve is shifted to the right of the wide open throttle curve. This is good.
There might be heat issues (air inlet or fuel) why the engine will slowly fall down to 2750, missadjustmant of the governor, or the water depth is changing. Water depth has an influence also.
 
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chaco

Member III
Water in the Oil

Another reason for rising oil levels can be a bad head gasket leaking coolant
in to your engine oil system. The oil will become milky looking during operation
and show up on the bottom of your dipstick at rest. RUINS your engine.
Raw water can also be leaked in to your engine through the exhaust manifold
from over cranking. Small amounts of water can be boiled out of the oil with
a good run. The PO ruined the old M4-30 over cranking from poor starting.
Raw water sat in the bottom of the oil pan for years upon inspection.
Good reason to get an OIL ANALYSIS before you buy any boat :nerd:

Love those Tractor Engines :egrin: :egrin:
 
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